We have reported previously the hepatitis B disease oncoprotein, HBx, can

We have reported previously the hepatitis B disease oncoprotein, HBx, can bind to the C terminus of p53 and inhibit several critical p53-mediated cellular processes, including DNA sequence-specific binding, transcriptional transactivation, and apoptosis. studies, the following cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven manifestation vectors were used: CMV-x1, encoding full-length HBx of the subtype (19, 21); CMV-1C154X, encoding full-length HBx (subtype); CMV-30C154X, encoding amino acids 30C154 of HBx (subtype); and CMV-61C154X, encoding amino acids 61C154 of HBx (subtype). pactgal, a gift of J. Yuan (Harvard University or college), encodes a -galactosidase (-gal) gene under the control of chicken -actin promoter (22). pGreen-Lantern was from Gibco/BRL. For transcriptional transactivation assays, an SV40 promoter-driven luciferase construct, pGL2 (Promega), and a human being NOS2 promoter-driven luciferase reporter construct, pNOS2(3.8)luc (23), were used. Binding Assay. Preparation of fusion protein, translation of 35S-labeled proteins, and binding assays were carried out as described previously (19). To reference input for binding, aliquots representing 20% the volume of the different translated HBx used for the binding studies were immunoprecipitated by anti-HBx polyclonal antibody (19). Each construct was tested in at least three independent binding assays. Mean percent binding of the different HBx constructs is presented relative to full-length HBx of the subtype (SK1C154X). Students Binding to GST-p53. Consistent with our previous report (19), full-length HBx of the subtype (pSPX46) binds specifically to GST-p53 (Fig. ?(Fig.11 and subtype (SK1C154x) binds a similar level of GST-p53 as the subtype. When two deletion mutants derived from HBx of the subtype were analyzed, we found that an N-terminal deletion mutant, SK61C154x, retained on average 48% of the full-length HBx binding ( 0.001), whereas a C-terminal deletion mutant, SK1C110x, consistently exhibited significantly lower levels of binding compared with both full-length HBx (18%; 0.001) and the N-terminal deletion mutant ( 0.002). Similar levels of LY2835219 tyrosianse inhibitor the different translated HBx proteins were used within each binding study (Fig. ?(Fig.11association with GST-p53. (translated full-length HBx protein (lanes 1C4) and HBx deletion mutants (lanes 5C8) were incubated with glutathione-Sepharose beads loaded with either GST-p53 (lanes 2, 4, 6, 8) or GST (lanes 1, 3, 5, 7). Lanes 1C4 and 5C8, along with their respective binding input, are representative data from two independent assays. (translated HBx proteins used for binding were immunoprecipitated by anti-HBx antibody. (subtype was more efficient at blocking p53-mediated apoptosis with 7% of the cells being apoptotic, whereas 14% of the cells coexpressing p53 and the subtype of HBx were apoptotic. This differential protective effect is LY2835219 tyrosianse inhibitor not likely due to dissimilar levels of HBx protein expression, as a quantitative comparison of the HBx immunostaining intensity in fibroblasts microinjected with either CMV-x1 (subtype) or CMV-1C154X (subtype) showed no significant difference (data not shown). When HBx deletion mutants, missing either the first 29 (CMV-30C154X) or 60 (CMV-61C154X) amino acids, were coinjected with p53, efficient abrogation of apoptosis relative to full-length HBx of the subtype (CMV-1C154X) was observed (Table ?(Table1).1). In contrast, cells coexpressing p53 and HBx deletion mutants lacking either the last 44 (CMV-1C110X) or 57 (CMV-1C97X) amino acids exhibited high levels of apoptosis (19 and LY2835219 tyrosianse inhibitor 20%, respectively), which were not significantly different than the percent of apoptotic cells following microinjection of p53 expression vector alone. Only very low levels of apoptosis were observed in uninjected fibroblasts or those microinjected with -gal expression vector (Table ?(Table1).1). Twenty-four hours after the microinjection of an expression vector encoding full-length HBx of the subtype (CMV-1C154X), we observed only a background level of apoptosis, which was assessed by the percent of apoptotic fibroblasts 24 h after microinjection of a -gal expression vector (data not shown). Table 1 The C-terminal domain of the hepatitis B viral X gene is critical for inhibition of Col13a1 p53-mediated?apoptosis values are for Students test comparing p53-mediated apoptosis in the presence versus absence of the different HBx constructs.? ?and subtypes for donor 1; subtype for donor 2) expression vectors. ( 0.036. In the case of p53 HBx ( 0.046. (and and association (Fig. ?(Fig.22and subtypes of full-length LY2835219 tyrosianse inhibitor HBx were compared regarding their ability to transcriptionally transactivate an SV40 promoter-driven luciferase reporter construct in human liver cells. Whereas the subtype more efficiently abrogated p53-mediated apoptosis (Table ?(Table1),1), the subtype of HBx was a more potent transcriptional transactivator than the subtype over a wide range of DNA concentrations in HepG2 cells ( 0.003; Fig. ?Fig.44 0.016, SV40; 0.005, NOS2) (Fig. ?(Fig.44versus subtypes) and various HBx deletion mutants (subtype) to transcriptionally transactivate SV40- and/or human NOS2 promoter-driven luciferase reporter constructs in HepG2 cells. Thirty-six to 48 hours after transfection, entire cell lysates had been ready, and resonance light devices per g proteins had been determined as referred to in check; all data factors, 0.003). (check: all data factors for SV40, 0.016 as well as for NOS2, 0.005). Dialogue Data are accumulating to point that HBx may donate to hepatocarcinogenesis by binding to p53.

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